Tuvalu Country

Introduction
Leave the phone and the laptop behind and nestle into stress-free Tuvalu. If you're a harried city-slicker wanting to disappear for a while, you could do a lot worse than head to Tuvalu. It receives far less than 1000 tourists a year. If all you want to do is sit under a palm tree and never be bothered by anyone, you're in luck.

Destination Facts
Capital: Funafuti
Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime Minister: Maatia Toafa
Governor General: Filoimea Telito
Government: constitutional monarchy
Time zone: GMT +12
Area: 26
Population: 11800
Languages: Christian (98%), Baha'i (1%)
Currency: Australian Dollar (A$)
Country Dialing Code: 688

Places of Interest
If you're a harried city-slicker wanting to disappear for a while, you could do a lot worse than head to Tuvalu. It receives far less than 1000 tourists a year. If all you want to do is sit under a palm tree and never be bothered by anyone, you're in luck.

Weather
Tuvalu has a tropical maritime climate: the temperature rarely ranges outside 28 ° C to 31 ° C (82-89 ° F). Humidity is always high. Rainfall is also high, up to 3500mm (138in) in the south (including Funafuti), and is usually brief and heavy; the wettest season is November to February. From May to October winds are light and from the southeast (the trade winds), changing to west-northwest during the November to April 'cyclone season'. While Tuvalu is considered just outside the tropical cyclone belt, severe cyclones do occur occasionally.

Getting there and away
The international airport at Funafuti has the irresistable airport code: FUN. There is a pick-up service offered by Tuvalu's only hotel, the Vaiaku Lagi, for their guests, as well as a few taxis doing the run into town. When you're leaving Tuvalu, there is a 14.00 departure tax. Hardly an international hub for air or sea travel, Tuvalu is not somewhere you would end up by accident. From Suva in Fiji, Air Fiji flies two to three times weekly to Funafuti, Tuvalu. It is also possible to arrive by sea if you've got a bit more time on your hands. There is a government cargo/passenger ship that travels to Fiji every three months or so (a five day journey) and there are other irregular cargo ships that make trips to surrounding islands. Thumbing a lift on a yacht from the US West Coast or Australia's northeast is possible for those with sea legs. You stand a fair chance of landing a crew position if you loiter at major yacht clubs in the USA between May and October, when yachties take advantage of favourable winds and weather conditions.

Getting around
Atoll-hopping on Tuvalu can be frustrating and expensive. Ideally, you will have borrowed your uncle's yacht and can move around at will. More likely, though, you'll be one of the hundreds of visitors a year who make it to Funafuti and no further. There are no other airstrips aside from the international airport on Funafuti, so sea travel is your only option. There are two government-run passenger and cargo vessels, the Nivaga II and Manu Folau that ply the coral reefs between the islands. The sheer distance it needs to travel for one round trip, and variables such as weather and spontaneous crew-declared holidays, makes them unreliable at best. The vessels also makes the occasional run to Suva in Fiji. Locals making inter-island trips will be your best bet. Decide on a price before the journey. Private cars are a rarity on Tuvalu because of the size of the islands. The only tar roads are on Funafuti, and even then, there's not much to speak of. Bicycles and small motorcycles are the most common form of transport on most islands, and can generally be hired for a small price. In and around the village and airport on Funafuti, there are taxis and minibusses.

Visa:
No visa is required; a visitor permit will be issued on arrival. The permit should be valid for one month, providing you have sufficient funds, proof of accommodation, and an onward ticket. The permit may be extended to a maximum of three months.

Related country: Tonga Country, Samoa Country, Kiribati Country

Tonga Country

Introduction
There's Pacific good times all round in this balmy and versatile country. On Tonga you can party and drink kava at festivals till you drop, be impressed by the Sunday church turn outs, and then escape to deserted beaches where, between snorkelling in untouched coral gardens and sipping coconut juice, the most you need do is watch the waves slap against the shore.
Destination Facts
Capital: Nuku'alofa
King: King George Tupou V
Prime Minister: Dr Feleti 'Fred' Sevele
Government: Hereditary Constitutional Monarchy
Time zone: GMT +13
Area: 718
Population: 101000
Languages: Protestant, Catholic, Mormon
Currency: Pa'anga (PT or T$)
Country Dialing Code: 676

Getting there and away
Most visitors arrive at Fua'amotu International Airport, about 15km (9.3mi) by bus southeast of Nuku'alofa (although some flights go to Lupepapau'u International on Vava'u). It's straightforward to fly to Tonga direct from New Zealand, Australia, Fiji, Samoa and Hawaii, but if you're coming from anywhere else you will have to fly to one of those points first. Auckland (New Zealand) and Nadi/Suva (Fiji) are the best served places. If you're planning to come in by yacht, the entry points are Nuku'alofa (Tongatapu), Neiafu (Vava'u), Pangai and Lifuka (Ha'apai), Felehau (Niuatoputapu) and Futu (Niuafo'ou). Departure tax is T$25.

Getting around
Flying is probably the easiest way to island hop, unless you have your own yacht. Several inter-island ferries operate between the main island groups, but cabin space is limited and will cost more than an airfare anyway. If you travel as a deck passenger it's cramped and stuffy indoors, and outdoors it can be wet and cold. One of the vessels is known by the fond moniker of the Orange Vomit. Buses run on the largest islands, and you can recognise taxis by the 'T' on the license plates. You can easily rent a horse (that should be a snigger, as most are rented out without saddles and bridles so you need to be adept at bareback riding) on any of the inhabited islands, but a car may be a safer option, and they're also relatively easy to rent.

Visa:
You only need a valid passport, an onward ticket and proof of adequate funds to be granted a visa for three or four weeks upon arrival, but double-check with authorities prior to departure as rules can vary slightly for different countries.

Weather
This region of the southwest Pacific is typically tropical. You could almost be guaranteed that the temperature will be between 20 ° C (68 ° F) and 30 ° C (86 ° F) at any time of the day, any day of the year. Humidity is always high but the even temperature and fresh sea breezes means conditions are never too stuffy. Heavy rainfall occurs between October and April, easing off a bit around the middle of the year for some islands while constant for others.

Vanuatu Country

Introduction
Pacific hospitality comes naturally at these altars of divine relaxation. You think Vanuatu's beaches are unbeatable on one island until you reach the next. Divers are delighted at the clear waters, coral reefs and shipwrecks; vulcanologists go wild for its many smoking peaks; and naturalists lust after its untouched forests, reefs and extravagant bird life.
Destination Facts
Capital: Port Vila
President: Kalkot Mataskelekele
Prime Minister: Ham Lini
Government: Republic
Time zone: GMT +11
Area: 860000
Population: 200000
Languages: Christian (84%), animist (16%)
Currency: Vatu (VT)
Country Dialing Code: 678

Getting there and away
The international airport is at Bauerfield, 10 minutes north of Port Vila. International airlines providing direct services to Vanuatu include Air Pacific, Air Vanuatu, Aircalin, Pacific Blue and Qantas. Departure tax is around 20.00. By sea, cruise ships arrive on average once or twice a fortnight into Port Vila. Yachts must clear customs and immigration in Luganville or Vila before 'dropping anchor'. A less common form of ocean transport is the cargo ship, which only carries a few passengers.

Getting around
Hiring cars, 4WDs and jeeps is relatively straightforward, and the taxis are plentiful and all metered. Minibuses are frequent but untimetabled; simply flag down the driver, tell him where you want to go and pay a set price per trip. Efate has around 240km (148mi) of sealed roads and Santo has 370km (230mi), but sealed doesn't mean free from potholes. Many of the roads on the outer islands are off limits during the wet season. If you want to island-hop it's usually better to fly (using Vanair, the only domestic airline); apart from a couple of well-established routes, inter-island passenger boats are irregular.

Visa:
Nationals of Commonwealth countries, the EU, Fiji, Japan, Norway, the Philippines, South Korea, South Africa, Switzerland, the USA and some other countries do not require visas for stays of up to 30 days. A return/onward ticket and sufficient funds are required for entry.

Weather
Vanuatu's long stretch of islands means the climate varies considerably between the tropical north (over 4000mm/157in of rainfall a year) and the subtropical south. But whenever you come you're pretty much guaranteed pleasant weather. From January to July the average high drops from 28 ° C (83 ° F) to 24 ° C (76 ° F), likewise lows move from 23 ° C (73 ° F) to 19 ° C (67 ° F). Rainfall is mostly brief and abundant but can be prolonged for a day or so in the wetter months, between November and April. The prevailing winds throughout the year are from the southeast (the famous Southeast Trade Winds of sailing ship days), bringing sunny days and cool nights. However, in the wet season the winds are more variable. Squalls can blow up in a few minutes, reaching 90km/h (56mi/h)and presenting a real danger to any small sailing vessels. In fact, any vessel caught in the open sea is in grave danger. Otherwise, just get a close-fitting hat. If you've booked a bungalow and it blows away, not to worry; your host will build another, pronto. They're used to cyclones.

Places of Interest
You think Vanuatu's beaches are unbeatable on one island until you reach the next. Divers are delighted at the clear waters, coral reefs and shipwrecks; vulcanologists go wild for its many smoking peaks; and naturalists lust after its untouched forests, reefs and extravagant bird life.

Solomon Islands Country

Introduction
Island traditions and underwater wonders. Those lured to the Solomons by the promise of extraordinary natural features will not be disappointed: the islands have a well-deserved reputation as possibly the world's best destination for scuba divers, snorkellers, fishing freaks, increasingly, surfers.
Getting There
The weather, in terms of heat, humidity and cyclones, is at its most hospitable in the second half of the year. Light breezes and calm waters should be the order of the day at this time. Luckily, June to August is a time of public holidays and festivals as well. Seven of the country's nine provinces have their annual holiday at this time, and the Queen's Birthday and Independence Day - the best times to see traditional dancing - are in June and July respectively. The surfing season runs from October to April. There are no real high and low seasons in the Solomons but at Christmas, Easter and other major holidays, hotels and transport can fill up, and you'll need to book your accommodation ahead if you're in a town during one of the cultural shows.

Getting there and away
The international airport, Henderson, is 11 km (7 mi) east of Honiara. It is tiny, but has car rental and foreign exchange facilities. Work should be completed by now on a major upgrade of the airport, funded by the Japanese government. This will quadruple airport capacity. The paucity of direct flights to the Solomons contributes to the trickle of tourists, however regular flights depart from Brisbane, Australia (three flights a week) and a handful of South Pacific neighbours. Round-the-World travellers from Europe, North America and Asia can pick up regional passes - check with your travel agent. There is a 40.00 departure tax. It is also possible to arrive by sea if you've got a bit more time on your hands. Cruise ships occasionally visit Honiara, but thumbing a lift on a yacht from the US West Coast or Australia's north east is also possible (and considerably cheaper). It is possible (though thoroughly illegal) to travel from southern Bougainville in Papua New Guinea by boat into the Solomons' Western Province. Locals routinely travel between the Solomons' Shortland Islands and Bougainville.

Getting around
Island-hopping by air is a great way to get around. Planes fly at about 2000m (6500 ft), so the views are fabulous. Solomon Airlines services over 20 airfields in all provinces. The flights vary in price from 53.00 to 178.00, depending on the distance, and both airlines have a 16kg (35lbs) baggage limit. Sea travel is the mainstay of islander trade and transport, but can also be unpredictable; timetables are rare. In addition to the larger, passenger-oriented vessels, copra and cargo boats nearly always have room for passengers. Shipping fares vary, so shop around. Car hire is only possible in Honiara, and it's expensive. Taxi hire is a better option for a short stay. In Honiara you'll also find minibuses, which are cheap, frequent (in daylight hours) and reliable.

Visa:
In theory, visitors planning to stay less than three months don't require entry visas. In practice, seek advice from your nearest Solomon embassy if you are now, or have ever been, a member of a communist country, or if you're from the Indian subcontinent, Nauru or Kiribati. Visitor's permits can be extended for a further three months for a fee.

Destination Facts
Capital: Honiara
Prime Minister: Derek Sikua
Governor-General: Nathaniel Waena
Queen: Elizabeth II
Government: parliamentary democracy
Time zone: GMT +11
Area: 1350000
Population: 538000
Languages: English is the official language; Solomon Islands Pijin and 74 indigenous languages are also spoken. Christian (96%)
Currency: Solomon Islands Dollar (S$ or SBD)
Country Dialing Code: 677

Weather
The Solomons is the third-largest archipelago in the South Pacific. Volcanic activity and earthquakes are common. The dry season falls from May to early December. Cyclones can blow between January and April. Daytime coastal temperatures vary from 21 ° to 32 ° C (70-90 ° F).

Samoa Country

Introduction
If relaxing was an Olympic Games event, this is where you'd come to train. The pace of life in Samoa is so laid-back it's only a heartbeat away from being a nice little snooze. Its palm-fringed beaches, booming white surf, and lush rainforests wreathed in misty clouds make it the kind of place that Hollywood location scouts go gaga over.

Destination Facts
Capital: Apia
Chief of State: Tuiatua Tupua Tamasese Efi
Prime Minister: Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi
Government: Constitutional monarchy under native chief
Time zone: GMT -11
Area: 1115
Population: 178631
Languages: Christian 99.7% (about half of the Christian population belongs to the London Missionary Society)
Currency: Tala (ST)
Country Dialing Code: 685

Getting There
When you're talking paradise, any time is a good time to go. As a general rule, however, you might find your Polynesian parade being rained on in December and January and your holiday smile melting in the humid months between November and April. The season for tropical storms and cyclones is also between November and March. The most comfortable time to visit the region is during the dry season between May and October. This is basically considered to be the region's high season, though there isn't necessarily much difference between prices charged. Not surprisingly, this is also when most of the major Samoan festivals are held. If you're into big-game fishing, the Samoa International Game Fishing Tournament take place during the second week of May. The rising of the palolo, one of the most fascinating natural phenomena, takes place on coral reefs around the islands in either October or November and the Samoan cultural event of the year, the Teuila Festival, takes place in September. If you plan to come during the December-January holiday period, when huge numbers of Samoans and Tongans return for the holidays (mostly from New Zealand, Australia and the USA), it's wise to book flights well in advance.

Getting there and away
The major carriers to Samoa are Air New Zealand, Pacific Blue and Polynesian Blue. Most of them land at Faleolo Airport 22mi (35km) west of Apia on 'Upolu. Airport buses, public buses and taxis run from the airport to the centre of Apia. There is a departure tax of about 15.00, payable at Faleolo Airport. The days of hopping a cargo ship and working a passage around the Polynesian islands are fast becoming a thing of the past, although you might just snag one if you hang around the shipping services long enough. Yachting to Samoa is an attractive option in anybody's book so if you can show enthusiasm for all things yachty or better still, display some working knowledge of sailing, you can sometimes bum a ride on a yacht as a crew member.

Getting around
Getting around Samoa is uncomplicated but time-consuming. You can normally hopscotch around the islands by bus as long as you remember that a Samoan timetable is a vague idea that may or may not be acted upon depending on the level of interest shown by the driver. Patience is required. Ferries and boats will get you from one island to another but, despite what you may have imagined about the dreamy nature of sea travel in the South Pacific, crossings can often be unpleasant experiences. Cars can be hired on both main islands though petrol stations are rare outside major towns. If you're feeling incredibly fit you might want to cycle around the islands but you will have to contend with the heat and rugged terrain.

Visa:
Tourist visas of 60 days are granted on arrival to all visitors except Chinese nationals, who must obtain a visa beforehand. You must have a passport valid for at least six months beyond your visit and an onward ticket.

Weather
This region of the southwest Pacific is typically tropical. Conditions are almost perpetually hot and humid - the average annual temperature is 26.5 ° C (80 ° F) in coastal areas, with a decrease in temperature as the land rises inland. But the even temperature and fresh sea breezes means conditions are never too stuffy. The region's wet season (ostensibly its low season) lasts from November to April. December and January are normally the wettest months. Remember, though, that most precipitation occurs at night and the main discomfort will be caused by a rise in the lethargy-inducing heat and humidity. The Samoan islands unfortunately lie squarely within the South Pacific's notorious cyclone belt. The season for tropical storms and cyclones is between November and March. Cyclones seem to occur, on average, every 10 to 15 years. The last big storm to hit the region was Olaf, which blew across the islands in early 2005.

Papua New Guinea Country

Introduction
PNG's unspoilt nature consoles you for its rough edges. Papua New Guinea is a raw land, remarkably untamed and as variegated as swamp and jagged limestone; mud and moss forest; suffocating heat and Highland chill; plumed, pearl-shelled villagers and prosaic hill people; tiny tree kangaroos and enormous Queen Alexandra Birdwing butterflies.

Destination Facts
Capital: Port Moresby
Prime Minister: Sir Michael Somare
Governor-General: Sir Paulius Matane
Queen: Elizabeth II
President: James Tanis
Government: democracy
Time zone: GMT +10
Area: 62840
Population: 5700000
Languages: English, Pidgin and Motu are the official languages; many indigenous languages are also spoken. 44% Protestant, 22% Catholic and 34% pantheistic beliefs
Currency: Kina (K)
Country Dialing Code: 675

Getting There
You'll probably want to avoid rainy seasons (although a good tropical downpour is a sight to be seen) but they vary across the country. In most places the wet season is December to March, the dry season from May to October. During April and November the weather can't make up its mind which way to go and tends to be unpleasantly still and sticky. The most notable variations on this pattern are Lae and Alotau where May to October is the wet (and we mean wet) season. The months from June to September are cooler, drier and better to visit PNG. There are no real high and low seasons in PNG. At Christmas, Easter and other major holidays, hotels and transport can fill up, and booking ahead is advised if you're in a town during one of the cultural shows. It's worth scheduling your trip around a festival or event, such as one of the unforgettable cultural shows that are held between July and October. If you plan on trekking, diving or looking for that elusive bird, you'll need to research the best times to go.

Getting there and away
Most visitors arrive by air, specifically from Australia to Port Moresby, although there are direct connections with Honiara (Solomon Islands) and Nadi (Fiji). Air Niugini, the national airline, operates between Australia and Asia (in conjunction with Singapore Airlines). Port Moresby is the largest international gateway but another international airport has just opened at Alotau (Milne Bay Province). The departure tax is about 7.00; if you overstay your visa, expect to pay a heavy fine before being allowed on the plane. Arriving or departing by sea is almost an impossibility unless on a cruise ship or a yacht (the best places in PNG to find a berth are Port Moresby, Madang and Milne Bay). Arriving by sea, expect a 'customs clearance fee' of about 40.00.

Getting around
Geographical realities - a small and scattered population which is often isolated in mountain valleys and on tiny islands - means flying is a necessity. Unfortunately, it also means it is expensive. The main carrier is Air Niugini, with several small operators touching down at very small airstrips. Bookings are quite reliable as most systems are computerised. If travelling on any of Air Niugini's domestic flights, make sure you check-in an hour in advance, otherwise booked seats will be given to passengers on waiting lists. The network of roads around the country remains limited, but Public Motor Vehicles (PMVs) are always at your beck and call. Essentially modified Japanese minibuses, PMVs are a cheap form of transport and pick up and drop off people at any point along a pre-established route. Driving a car in the country (left side of the road please) requires a valid overseas licence but be forewarned: tribal paybacks have meant some drivers have been killed by an accident victim's relatives. Some authorities suggest that if you are involved in an accident, keep driving and report the incident at the nearest police station. The major car rental companies (Avis, Budget and Hertz) are found in most main centres but because of the limited road network you won't get too far. Costs are also high. A good form of transport is boat. Passenger ships, freighters, charters, outboard dingies and canoes are cheap, though sometimes uncomfortable. Probably the best way to travel within PNG is to walk; your only real expense will be paying for guides and porters.

Visa:
Visas can be obtained on arrival at Jackson's International Airport for a maximum stay of 60 days in any 12 months. It is recommended however, that you obtain a visa prior to arrival.

Weather
PNG has one of the most variable climates on earth but the climate is typically monsoonal: hot, humid and wet. While April and November are truly anyone's guess, the defined wet (December to March) and dry (May to October) seasons are also subject to regional variation (especially in the islands). Rainfall, for example, varies tremendously. Temperatures on the coast are reasonably stable all year, usually hovering between 25 and 30 ° C (77-86 ° F) but humidity and winds are changeable. Temperatures drop at higher altitudes, and it can be very chilly in the Highlands.

Warning
Papua New Guinea is troubled by a high level of serious crime, particularly in the urban centres of Port Moresby, Lae and Mt Hagen. Travellers should use common sense to avoid any trouble - don't travel alone, especially at night and respect any local advice regarding safety. All travel to the Highlands region, except on essential business, should be reconsidered because of high levels of crime and inter-tribal violence. This includes the Southern Highlands, Enga, Western Highlands, Chimbu and Eastern Highlands provinces. Travellers should stay away from the no-go zone around the former Panguna mine in Bougainville. Check travel advisories and news services before travelling. See Safe Travel for updated government warnings.

New Zealand Country

Introduction
From the the peaks of adrenalin to the lap of luxury. New Zealand is a country of rare seismic beauty: glacial mountains, fast-flowing rivers, deep, clear lakes, hissing geysers and boiling mud. There are also abundant native forests, long, deserted beaches and a variety of fauna, such as the kiwi, endemic to its shores.

Any number of vigorous outdoor activities - tramping (hiking), skiing, rafting and, of course, that perennial favourite, bungy jumping - await the adventurous. You can swim with dolphins, gambol with newborn lambs, whale-watch or fish for fattened trout in pristine streams and rivers.

Geography:
New Zealand is in the South Pacific Ocean, 1600km (994mi) southeast of Australia. It stretches 1600km (994mi) from north to south and consists of two large islands and a smattering of smaller islands - some hugging its shores, others hundreds of kilometres away. The North Island (115,000 sq km/44402 sq mi) and the South Island (151,000 sq km/58301 sq mi) are the two major land masses; the next largest is Stewart Island (1700 sq km/656 sq mi), which lies directly beneath the South Island. The North Island has a number of large volcanoes (including the recently active Mount Ruapehu) and highly active thermal areas, while the South Island boasts the Southern Alps - a spine of magnificent mountains running almost its entire length. Another notable feature of New Zealand is its myriad rivers and lakes: notably the Whanganui River and the breathtaking lakes Waikaremoana, Taupo and Wanaka.

Destination Facts
Capital: Wellington
Prime Minister: John Key
Queen: Elizabeth II
Government: Independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations
Time zone: GMT +12
Area: 268680
Population: 4000000
People: 68% New Zealand European (Pakeha), 15% Maori, 5% other European, 5% Polynesian, 6% Asian, 1% other
Languages: English and Maori are the two official languages. English is more widely spoken, though the Maori language, for so long on the decline, is now making a comeback thanks to the revival of Maoritanga. A mellifluous, poetic language, Maori is surprisingly easy to pronounce if spoken phonetically and each word split into separate syllables.NZSL or New Zealand Sign Language was made an official language in 2006.
Currency: New Zealand Dollar (NZ$)
GDP: Approx. NZ$85000000000
Major industries: Food processing, wood and paper products, wool, textiles, dairy products, iron and steel, machinery, tourism
Major Trading Partners: Australia, Japan, UK, China and the USA
Daylight Saving: From first week of October to end of March
Country Dialing Code: 64

Getting there
The weather is never so miserable that there's no point in going to New Zealand: there are things to see and do all year round. The warmer months (November to April) are busiest, especially during the school holidays from December 20 to the end of January. Ski resort towns are obviously busier during the winter months. If you're travelling during peak periods (especially the Christmas season) it's best to book ahead, as much accommodation and transport fills up. It's probably more pleasant to visit either before or after this hectic period, when the weather is still warm and there aren't as many other travellers around.

Getting there and away
The overwhelming majority of visitors arrive by air. There are seven airports that handle international flights: Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Hamilton, Palmerston North, Queenstown and Wellington. A few cruise ships visit New Zealand, but there are no regular passenger ship services and working your way across the Pacific as crew on a yacht now seems a thing of the past.

Getting around
Although New Zealand is compact and generally easy to get around, it makes good sense to fly - especially for the views over the mountains or volcanoes. A variety of discounts also make flying economical. Air New Zealand flies widely (including smaller routes via partly owned smaller airlines), and smaller regional airlines fill in the gaps. Altogether there's very thorough coverage of the country - kiwis can fly. New Zealand also has an extensive bus network, with the main operator, InterCity (servicing both the North Island and South Island), and subsidiary Newmans, running frequent (at least once a day) services on main bus routes including a cheap fare on the main Auckland to Wellington route. An alternative is to use shuttle bus companies, which are smaller, cheaper and friendlier than the large bus companies. Some of them are designed to cater especially to foreign travellers and/or backpackers and have lots of little 'extras' that make them particularly attractive; other companies, perhaps drawing on the experiences of Ken Kesey and his Merry Pranksters, can take you around New Zealand on 'alternative' buses, which can be an unhurried way of seeing the country. Train routes are few, though train travel is reasonably fast and the trains modern and comfortable. Tranz Scenic's Overlander route runs between Auckland and Wellington; on the South Island, it offers services from Picton to Christchurch and Christchurch to Greymouth (known as the TranzAlpine). Car travel (New Zealanders drive on the left) is recommended as the roads are good and well signposted and the distances short. Rentals of cars, motorcycles and campervans are popular, with a range of special deals available. There are plenty of boat services, including the Interislander and Bluebridge ferries (operating between Wellington in the North Island and Picton in the South Island). And finally, there's always cycling around the country. Many travellers describe New Zealand as a cyclists' paradise: it's clean, green, uncrowded and unspoiled, and there are plenty of places where you can camp or find cheap accommodation. Bicycle rental can be daily, weekly or monthly and is inexpensive.

Visa:
Only a valid passport is necessary for citizens of most countries. All visitors to New Zealand must carry a passport that is valid for at least three months beyond the date you intend to leave the country.

Weather
New Zealand sits squarely in the 'roaring forties' latitude, which means a prevailing and continual wind blows over the country from west to east; this can range from a gentle breeze in summer to a buffeting, roof-stripping gale in winter. The North Island and South Island, because of their different geological features, have two distinct patterns of rainfall: in the South Island, the Southern Alps act as a barrier for the moisture-laden winds from the Tasman Sea, creating a wet climate to the west of the mountains and a dry climate to the east; while the North Island's rainfall is more evenly distributed without a comparable geological feature such as the Alps. Temperatures are a few degrees cooler in the South Island, and both islands receive snow in winter. Winter falls in the months of June through August and summer from December through February. It is important to remember that New Zealand's climate is maritime, rather than continental, which means the weather can change with amazing rapidity and consequence. The busy tourist season falls in the warmer months between November and April, though ski resorts, such as Queenstown, are full during winter.

Places of Interest
A rare place where superlatives can't match the actual beauty of the land. New Zealand isn't all caves, glaciers and geysers, though its natural marvels are epic in scope and you'd be mad not to sample at least some of them. On your way between albatross colonies and fjords check out the pleasures of its cities, which combine big-town cool with small-town charm.

New Zealand is a country of rare seismic beauty: glacial mountains, fast-flowing rivers, deep, clear lakes, hissing geysers and boiling mud. There are also abundant native forests, long, deserted beaches and a variety of fauna, such as the kiwi, endemic to its shores.
Any number of vigorous outdoor activities - tramping (hiking), skiing, rafting and, of course, that perennial favourite, bungy jumping - await the adventurous. You can swim with dolphins, gambol with newborn lambs, whale-watch or fish for fattened trout in pristine streams and rivers.

Events
Some of the noteworthy cultural events include: Summer City Programme (January to February; Wellington), which is a series of festivals around the city; Wine Marlborough Festival (2nd weekend in February; Blenheim); New Zealand Festival (February, even-numbered years only; Wellington), an entire month of national and international culture; Golden Shears Sheep-Shearing Contest (March; Masterton), a must for lovers of sheep and sweat; and Canterbury Show Week (November; Christchurch), which has agricultural exhibits, rides and local entertainment.

New Caledonia Country

Introduction
Both adventurers and sophisticates will find plenty to do. Options for travellers in New Caledonia are vast, from diving on pristine reefs to dining out à la fran ç ais, from trekking in unspoilt rainforest to partying the night away at a nightclub in Noumea. With a nod to local custom and an open mind, a trip to New Caledonia will be unforgettable.

Destination Facts
Capital: Noumea
President: Nicolas Sarkozy
High Commissioner: Yass Dassonville
President of the Government: Harold Martin
Government: French Overseas Territory, governed by France
Time zone: GMT +11
Area: 19000
Population: 222000
Languages: Roman Catholic (70%), Protestant (16%), indigenous beliefs, Muslim
Currency: CFP Franc (CFP)
Country Dialing Code: 687

Getting there
Go whenever you can seize the chance but for the best weather, festivals and sporting contests, make it between May and mid-December. For walking or trekking, narrow it down to the cold season, June to August, when water temperatures drop to 21 ° C (70 ° F) and the air is cooler. The Avocado Festival is held in mid to late-May, the three-day Foire de Bourail from late-August to early September, and the É quinoxe in October. If you're a diver, don't miss the riot of colour that accompanies the coral spawning in early summer. If you're nervous about cyclones or mosquitoes you might consider staying home between November and April.

Getting there and away
Major airlines that serve New Caledonia regularly include Aircalin (Air Cal é donie International), Qantas, Air New Zealand and Air Vanuatu. After the Japanese and the French, the majority of tourists come from Australia, so you can often get good deals out of Brisbane or Sydney. From Europe your best bet is to fly from France, or from the UK to eastern Australia where you can get a reasonable fare to New Caledonia. The major North American west coast departure points are San Francisco, Los Angeles and Vancouver. All international airlines land at Tontouta International Airport, 45km (28mi) northwest of Noumea. Noumea is the main official port of entry for yachts. The others are We on Lifou in the Loyalty Islands and Hiengh è ne; the peak season for arrivals is August to October. All cruise ships dock in Baie de la Moselle, Noumea's natural, deepwater harbour. They also drop anchor at various spots around New Caledonia so passengers can spend a day on the beach.

Getting around
Air Cal é donie domestic services serve several towns on Grande Terre, each of the Loyalty Islands and Î le des Pins. You can also charter private planes and helicopters. The road network on Grande Terre is extensive and all the main roads are sealed, and nearly every major town or large village is connected by bus, leaving from Noumea's bus station (gare routi è re). Car rental companies are based in Noumea, Î le des Pins and on each of the Loyalty Islands. Their rates are reasonable(from 3000 per day) and none will rent to anyone under 21. Animals and pedestrians on secondary roads can make driving hazardous in some areas, particularly at night. There is also a ferry service between Noumea and the Loyalty Islands and Î le des Pins.

Visa:
Only citizens of the European Union, Switzerland, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Australia and the USA can enter without a visa, and can stay for between 30 and 90 days (Japanese and US citizens can only stay for one month). Everyone else needs to apply for a visa at a French embassy or consulate before they arrive.

Weather
New Caledonia is at its glorious best from May to mid-December. The wet season (mid-December to mid-April) brings higher temperatures, heavier rains, mosquitos and the occasional tropical cyclone. Rainfall is generally a bit heavier between February and May. Around the middle of the year, temperatures drop by about 5° C (10° F) each way and the rain eases off. The prevailing winds throughout the year are from the southeast (the famous Southeast Trade Winds of sailing ship days), bringing sunny days and cool nights. However, in the wet season the winds are more variable.

Places of Interest
Options for travellers in New Caledonia are vast, from diving on pristine reefs to dining out à la fran ç ais, from trekking in unspoilt rainforest to partying the night away at a nightclub in Noumea. With a nod to local custom and an open mind, a trip to New Caledonia will be unforgettable.

Kiribati Country

Introduction
A remote, deep-sea technicolour side show. Kiribati is more a sprinkling of far-flung coral atolls than dry land, more deep blue ocean than sandy beach, more coconut trees than people, more Christian church than ancient island beliefs. Kiribati (pronounced kee-ree-bus) is far away, hard to get to, untouristed and deeply religious.

Destiantion facts
Capital: Tarawa
President: Anote Tong
Government: republic
Time zone: GMT +12
Area: 810
Population: 96000
Languages: Kiribati Protestant Church, Catholic Church, other Christian denominations, Bahai'i, Seventh Day Ads, Mormons
Currency: Australian Dollar (A$)
Country Dialing Code: 686

Getting There and away
Go any time except the wet season, which is November to February. The weather will be hot outside of that period, but not as humid nor subject to as many tropical downpours. Only Tarawa and Christmas Island are serviced by international flights. You can fly to Kiribati via Nauru on Air Nauru/Our Airline or to Christmas Island from Honolulu and Suva, Fiji. Fanning and Christmas Islands are popular with visiting yachties.

The main islands have airstrips and are served from Tarawa, and passenger ferries go to many of the smaller islands. You'll need your own yacht or a berth on one to reach the more out-of-the-way islands, unless you're prepared to wait a month or two for a supply ship.

Visa:
Citizens of Britain and New Zealand can enter visa-free for a 28-day maximum stay. Citizens of most other countries need visas, which can be obtained from a Kiribati diplomatic mission.

Weather
These equatorial islands enjoy that typical tropical temperature range of 23° C to 33° C (73° F to 91° F) at all times of the day, every day of the year. Humidity is usually high but the even temperature and fresh sea breezes mean conditions are rarely too stuffy. Heavy rainfall on the southern islands occurs between November and April while right on the equator rain is evenly distributed throughout the year. North of the equator, rainfall is heaviest between June and November.

Places of Interest
Kiribati is more a sprinkling of far-flung coral atolls than dry land, more deep blue ocean than sandy beach, more coconut trees than people, more Christian church than ancient island beliefs. Kiribati (pronounced kee-ree-bus) is far away, hard to get to, untouristed and deeply religious.

Guam Country

Introduction

Think palm trees, white beaches, coral reefs - and the world's biggest K-Mart. Guam doesn't fit the stereotype of tribal villages and ancient cultures untouched by the modern world. This highly developed strategic US territory is no postcard 'Tropical Paradise'. Sure there's sun, sand and wilderness but travellers know Guam mainly for the duty free shopping.

Destination Facts
Capital: Hag å t ñ a
Governor: Felix Camacho
President: George W. Bush
Government: Colonial
Time zone: GMT +10
Area: 549
Population: 169000
Languages: 98% Roman Catholic, 2% other
Currency: US Dollar (US$)
Weight System: Imperial
Country Dialing Code: 671

Getting There
Go to Guam whenever the boss gives you time off. The temperature hovers around a balmy 27 ° C (81 ° F) all year, so don't worry about the weather. If it's a little more humid between July and November, at least you're never far from a cooling dip in the ocean. The only time you should really avoid Guam is during Japanese holiday seasons: Christmas, Golden Week (the last week of April and the first week of May), and Obon, in August.

Getting there and away
About 6km (4mi) north-east of downtown Hagat ñ a, the newly expanded Won Pat international airport serves eight air carriers and provides more than 100 flights per week to Hawaii and the US mainland, East Asia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Australia and New Zealand. Apra Harbor is the only point of entry for boats to Guam. Yachties should contact the Yacht Club at Apra Harbor.

Getting around
The public transport system consists of small vans that crawl around the island in confusing patterns at irregular intervals. Taxis are willing and able enough, but be warned that drivers often overcharge. Renting a car is not a bad idea, expect to pay upwards of 45.00 per day. Bikes can be hired from hotels and shops in Tumon Bay. If you opt for walking you'll soon find that the entire population thinks you're an escaped lunatic.

Visa:
US citizens don't need a visa to visit Guam, or any other Micronesian islands. Anyone else (except Canadians and those travelling on a visa waiver) must obtain a US visa in advance. Under Guam's visa waiver programme, citizens of certain countries may enter Guam for up to 15 days for business or pleasure without a US visa. Those countries include Australia, Japan, New Zealand and Great Britain.

Weather
This far western region of the Pacific consistently delivers temperatures between 22 ° C (72 ° F) and 30 ° C (86 ° F) at any time of the day, any day of the year. Humidity is always high, but the even temperature and fresh sea breeze means conditions are never too stuffy. Rainfall is moderately heavy for most of the year, but typhoons tend to pay the island a visit between July and November and brings with it hefty downpours. Ominously, Guam is in a sector of the Pacific Ocean known as 'Typhoon Alley'; typhoons are said to hit the island once every eight years, usually during October and November.

Places of Interest
Guam doesn't fit the stereotype of tribal villages and ancient cultures untouched by the modern world. This highly developed strategic US territory is no postcard 'Tropical Paradise'. Sure there's sun, sand and wilderness but travellers know Guam mainly for the duty free shopping.

Fiji Country

Introduction
A zesty blend of cultures in a heavenly setting. Fiji has over 300 islands in its archipelago, each fringed with coral reefs and lapped by warm azure waters - the diving and snorkelling are superb. Amid its wealth of natural beauty, Fiji's true magic lies in its people and the fascinating blend of their diverse cultures.

Fiji is an interesting blend of Melanesian, Polynesian, Micronesian, Indian, Chinese and European influences. For nearly 50 years, until the military coup of 1987 and the Indian emigration that followed it, the indigenous people of Fiji represented an ethnic minority in their own land.

Geography:
The Fiji islands are situated in the South Pacific, at the eastern limit of the region known as Melanesia (which also includes the Solomons, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and Papua New Guinea) and just west of Polynesia (Tonga, Samoa, the Cooks and French Polynesia). They are south of the equator, just north of the Tropic of Capricorn and west of the International Dateline. The territorial limits enclose an area of 1.3 million sq km (half a million sq mi), but only 1.5% of this is dry land. About 300 islands make up the nation. Viti Levu at 10,400 sq km (4052 sq mi), and Vanua Levu at 5587 sq km (2160 sq mi) are the biggest islands. Suva, the country's capital is on the south-western coast of Viti Levu, and the island also has the country's highest peak - Mt Tomanivi (Mt Victoria) at 1323m (4339ft). Taveuni and Kadavu are also substantial islands, but the rest of the country is made up of small islands divided into the Lomaiviti, Lau, Moala, Yasawa, Mamanuca and Rotuma Groups. Many of these islands are relatively untouched and there are many beautiful reefs, lagoons and harbours, as well as natural vegetation.

Destination Facts
Capital: Suva
President: Ratu Josefa Iloilo
Interim Prime Minister: Commodore Bainimarama
Government: democracy
Time zone: GMT +12
Area: 18300
Population: 840000
People: Indigenous Fijian 50%, Indo-Fijian 45%
Languages: Fijian dialects are spoken by the indigenous Fijians (Bauan is the most common).A Fijian form of Hindi is spoken by the Indian population. 53% Christian, 38% Hindus, 8% Muslims, and 1% Sikhs
Currency: Fiji Dollar (F$)
Major industries: Sugar, tourism, gold, fish, lumber and clothing
Major Trading Partners: Australia, Japan and New Zealand
Daylight Saving: From not in use to not in use
Country Dialing Code: 679

Getting There
Its mild tropical climate means that Fiji can be enjoyed all year round and it is a popular escape from the winters in both the northern and southern hemispheres. Perhaps the best time to go, however, is in the dry season or 'Fiji winter', from May to October. This time of year has cooler temperatures, less rainfall and humidity, and less risk of tropical cyclones.

Getting there and away
Centrally located in the mid-South Pacific, Fiji (along with Hawaii) is one of the main airline hubs of the region, and it's well serviced by international carriers. From Fiji you can fly to many of the Pacific Islands and almost anywhere around the Pacific Rim. Many people come on a round-the-world ticket or as a stopover between Australia or New Zealand and North America. Although Suva is the capital, Nadi International Airport is where most travellers arrive and it is 9km (6mi) from the Nadi city centre. Nausori International Airport is Fiji's second international airport, 23km (14mi) north-east of Suva and accessible by taxi. A 11.50 departure tax is levied on all international departees over the age of 12 years. Getting to Fiji by sea nowadays is very difficult unless you're on a cruise boat or a private yacht. Fiji is a popular destination for yachties sailing around the South Pacific. Fiji's designated ports of entry are Suva, Lautoka, Savusavu and Levuka; other marinas include Vuda Point Marina (between Nadi and Lautoka) and Musket Cove Marina on Plantation Island in the Mamanucas.

Getting around
There are good transport connections in Fiji, making internal travel easy and relatively inexpensive. Clearly, the easiest way to travel between islands is by plane, with Fiji Air and Sun Air between them servicing all of the island groups. (Island Hoppers, Turtle Airways and Pacific Island Seaplanes fly some routes too). Ferries are inexpensive, frequent, reliable and very seaworthy, and rubbing shoulders with the local people while travelling between islands is a pleasant and interesting part of the Fiji experience. Ferry routes connect most major coastal areas of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu with all the major islands. You can charter boats as well, or catch one of the smaller unscheduled local boats between islands. Small local boats are sometimes the only transport option, especially for the backpacker resorts. Life jackets are rarely provided and usually the boats have no radio-phones. If the weather looks ominous or the boat is overcrowded, consider postponing the trip or opting for a flight. The larger islands have good bus networks, and outside the towns you can often just hail down a bus wherever you see one. Express buses travel between major centres and local buses seem to stop at every village they pass, but by either means bus travel in Fiji is a pleasant way to meet local people and an effective way to get around.

Visa:
Most travellers will automatically be issued a four-month tourist visa upon arrival. This includes travellers from most Commonwealth countries, most north, central and south American countries, western Europe, India, Israel and Japan. The visa is issued free of charge and you won't have to pay for any subsequent extensions.Visitors must hold a return or onward ticket.

Weather
Fiji enjoys a mild and stable climate most of the year, due to the large expanses of open water that surround its islands. The prevailing winds are easterly and southeasterly; the mountainous spines of the larger islands produce clouds and greater rainfall on their windward sides. The wet season extends from November to April, but rain falls throughout the year. Daytime temperatures average around 25 ° C (77 ° F), and humidity is generally high. Tropical cyclones can blow up between November and April, although they are rarely dangerous.

Events
Fijians celebrate New Year's Day with gusto and the festivities can last a week (or even a month!) in some villages. In February or March Hindu Holi (Festival of Colours) sees people squirt each other with coloured water. Ram Naumi (Birth of Lord Rama) is a Hindu festival held in March or April and includes a religious festival and party on the shores of Suva Bay. The Prophet Mohammed's Birthday is celebrated in May, and on the first Monday in June, the nation honours Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna with a public holiday. He is considered Fiji's greatest statesman, soldier, high chief and scholar, and the day is celebrated with regional cultural shows and games. The Constitution Day holiday falls in July. The Sugar Festival is celebrated in September at Lautoka, and Fiji Day (Independence Day) falls in early October. During October or November Hindus celebrate the Diwali Festival (Festival of Lights). They worship Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity, decorate their houses and settle up their business affairs.

Warning
The political situation in Fiji is uncertain and could deteriorate rapidly, especially in and around Suva. Check Safe Travel for current government warnings and the BBC for news updates.

Federated States of Micronesia Country

Introduction
Where men flaunt their loincloths and stone coins still have currency. Despite being firmly tied to the USA's economic and political apron strings, the Federated States of Micronesia are doggedly hanging onto their traditional ways.

Destination Facts
Capital: Palikir (Pohnpei)
President: Manny Mori
Government: Constitutional government in free association with USA
Time zone: GMT +10 GMT +11
Area: 274
Population: 114000
Languages: Roman Catholic (50%), Protestant (47%)
Currency: US Dollar (US$)
Weight System: Imperial
Country Dialing Code: 691

Getting There
Go to the Federated States of Micronesia whenever the boss gives you time off. The temperature hovers around a balmy 81 ° F (27 ° C) all year, so don't worry about the weather. If it's a little more humid between July and November, at least you're never far from a cooling dip in the ocean. The islands are off the tourist trail so there's no distinct high season and few visitors at any time of year.

Getting there and away
The main gateways into the Federated States of Micronesia are Honolulu, Manila and Guam (flights arrive there from the USA, Australia and Asia). A Circle Micronesia air pass originating in Los Angeles or San Francisco, or a Visit Micronesia pass originating in Guam, will let you hop around the islands. There is a 10.00 departure tax from Pohnpei, 15.00 from Chuuk and 10.00 from Kosrae. Yap has no departure tax.

Getting around
Pohnpei, Chuuk, Yap and Kosrae are linked by air, and there are small airstrips on just about every other island in the Federated States of Micronesia. The major islands have extensive road systems. Most roads are unpaved, with the main drag in town and the road to the airstrip being notable exceptions. Weno Island (Chuuk) has an efficient share taxi system, while Pohnpei has private taxis. You really need to rent a car - from around 40.00 a day - if you want to have a good look around the larger islands. Yap and Pohnpei both have local carriers that fly to the outer islands, but boat is the cheapest means of travel between islands. Chuuk has an extensive weekday system of commuter boats between its islands, and private speedboats do short runs throughout the country. Field trip ships link district centres with the outer islands - they're primarily cargo boats, but they're a good, cheap way to get around, with the added bonus that you'll meet a lot of locals. The trips may take several days and can be pretty grubby and tiring.

Visa:
Visas are not required for tourist visits up to 30 days. Your 30 days start afresh each time you move to a different island group. US citizens can extend their permit for up to a year.

Weather
Temperatures on all FSM islands average 26-27° C (80-81° F) year round. The wettest months are in late spring and summer; rainfall is heaviest on Pohnpei, where the interior gets as much as 10,000mm annually, making it one of the rainiest places on earth. Yap is the driest island. On the more northern islands you could almost be guaranteed that the temperature will be between 20° C (68° F) and 30° C (86° F) at any time of the day, any day of the year. Closer to the equator things are a bit warmer and days usually creep into the low thirties (high eighties). Humidity is usually high but the even temperature and fresh sea breezes mean conditions are never too stuffy. Heavy rainfall occurs between June and December but closer to the equator rainfall is distributed more evenly throughout the year, bulging a bit around December-January.

Cook Islands Country

Introduction
Years of missionary zeal haven't dimmed the mojo of this place. Wafer-thin cays and farflung atolls, white-sand beaches and lush green volcanic mountains, a slow pace, friendly people, dancing - what's not to like about the Cook Islands? If that's not enough, they also have excellent hiking, snorkelling, caving and lazing.

Destination Facts
Capital: Avarua
Prime Minister: Jim Marurai
Queen: Elizabeth II
Queen's Representative: Frederick Goodwin
Government: Self-governing parliamentary democracy in free association with New Zealand
Time zone: GMT -10
Area: 240
Population: 18700
Languages: Cook Islands Maori
Christian, majority Cook Islands Christian Church (Presbyterian)
Currency: New Zealand Dollar (NZ$)
Country Dialing Code: 682

Getting There
The Cook Islands has a pleasantly even climate year round, with no excesses of temperature or humidity, although it can rain quite often. The best times of year to visit are around September and October, when there's a nice trade-off between warm temperatures and reduced humidity; March and April are also good months to come, as the cyclone season has passed and the skies are likely to be clear and sunny. Festivals may sway your plans: the big dance competition is in late April, the independence bash in early August. The only really tricky time to visit is Christmas/New Year, when many Cook Islanders return home to celebrate the holiday season with their families. Flights (especially from Australia and New Zealand) and accommodation will be much harder to come by.

Getting there and away
New Zealand and Pacific Blue are the only international carriers serving the Cook Islands. Package deals may well cost less than airfare alone. Flights between Rarotonga and Auckland run weekly with Pacific Blue and several times weekly with Air New Zealand. Travellers from North America typically connect in Honolulu or Tahiti; those from Asia connect in Auckland or Fiji. There's an airport departure tax of 30.00/15.00 per adult/child. The airport on Rarotonga is on the northwestern coast, just a few kilometres west of Avarua, where cars, motor scooters and bicycles can be hired and taxis are available. Aitutaki's airstrip is at the northern end of the island; there's a bus connecting the airstrip with town, and cars, motor scooters and bicycles can be hired at several places around the island. There's an airstrip on the northern coast of Άtiu, a short drive from the five villages. Motorcycles and bicycles are available for hire at a few motels. most common way to arrive and depart by sea is by private yacht, or to do a one-day stopover as part of a cruise.

Getting around
The round-the-island bus is a good way of getting around Rarotonga. It plys the coast road in both directions, originating in Avarua (though you can flag it down anywhere). It runs during business hours on weekdays, half the day on Saturday and not at all on Sunday. There are also taxis available on Rarotonga and Atiu. You can rent a car on Rarotonga, Aitutaki and some of the other islands, but nothing would be more than a half hour away. The real advantage is with 4WDs and sturdy motorcycles, which can get you to some of the more out-of-the-way spots and up the steeper roads. You'll need a local driver's permit (available from the police station in Avarua); driving is on the left. Keep your wits about you on Friday and Saturday nights, when there's heavy drinking going on. Bicycles are a good way to get around and readily available for hire. The fastest way to get between the islands is by plane. Via 18-passenger turboprop planes, Air Rarotonga connects the main island with eight other islands, including most of those in the southern group and several in the northern. The longest trip takes about 4 and a half hours; the shortest under an hour. Island passes and island combination packages are a good way to sample a few islands. You can also get between the islands by private yacht or passenger freighter. Rarotonga, however, has a small harbour, and if your ship is too large you'll most likely have to get to land by lighter - which is how you'll get to shore on every other island save Penrhyn, the northernmost island, the only other one with a wharf. Getting to the outer islands can be a challenge, as ships make it out there infrequently and there are no firm schedules. You can snatch a few hours here and there if you want to keep going with your ship, but if you decide to get off for a longer stay be prepared to wait days for the next boat.

Visa:
Visas aren't required for a maximum stay of 31 days - all you need are valid passports, proof of onward travel and booked accommodation (at least for the first night of your stay).

Weather
Seasonal variations are slight in the Cook Islands, with temperatures ranging between 18° C and 28° C (64-82° F) in the winter months (May to October) and 21° C and 29° C (70-84° F) in the summer (November to April). The wet season is from December to March, when around 25cm (10in) of rain can fall each month; this is also the most likely time for cyclones, which are becoming more frequent due to warming seas across the South Pacific. The wet season is also the hottest and most humid time of the year - it can get quite sticky and uncomfortable, so bring along some cool, light clothes. The winter nights can sometimes be quite cool, even chilly, so if you're visiting at this time of year, a warm sweater or jacket will probably come in handy.

American Samoa Country

Introduction
Colonial vulgarities haven't quite wiped out paradise. Despite the palm-trees-wafting-in-the-trade-winds image, American Samoa is something of an oddity in the South Pacific. Hastily Americanised in the 1960s, the islands have all the ugly results of commercial and cultural imperialism sticking out from behind the fronds.

Destination Facts
Capital: Pago Pago
President: George W Bush
Governor: Togiola Tulafono
Government: Unincorporated and unorganised territory of the US
Time zone: GMT -11
Area: 77
Population: 57880
Languages: Christian (98%)
Currency: US Dollar (US$)
Weight System: Imperial
Country Dialing Code: 684

Getting There
The best time to enjoy American Samoa - and especially the island's capital - is during the dry season (May-October). The risk of tropical cyclones (hurricanes) is reduced at this time and, not surprisingly, it is also when most of the major festivals are held. This is considered to be the region's high season, though there isn't much difference in pricing. If you plan to come during the December-January holiday period, when huge numbers of Samoans return for the holidays (mostly from New Zealand, Australia and the USA), it's wise to book flights well in advance.

Getting to Pago Pago by air is fairly straightforward, though rarely inexpensive. Depending where you're coming from, you'll need to get yourself to Hawaii, Tonga, Samoa, west coast USA, Australia or New Zealand and catch a connecting flight. Currently, the only airlines landing on Tutuila are Hawaiian Airlines, Polynesian Airlines and Inter-Island Airways. There is a 3.00 departure tax when leaving American Samoa by air, but it's included in the cost of the ticket. It is also possible to arrive by sea if you've got a bit more time on your hands. Thumbing a lift on a yacht from the US west coast or Australia's northeast is possible for those with sailing experience or the desire to cook meals and scrape barnacles. Generally, you'll be hooking up with yachties in the USA between May and October as they take advantage of favourable winds and weather conditions. They'll all scatter by late November as the cyclone season fires up. If you're not planning to batten down the hatches with the locals, you should probably scatter with them.

Inter-Island Airways flies between Pago Pago and the Manu'a Islands, while both Inter-Island Airways and Polynesian Airlines fly between Pago Pago and Apia in Samoa. Buses are a great, unpredictable, noisy way of moving about the main islands. The 'aiga buses on Tutuila are brightly painted trucks that blast reggae music all day. Drivers are a law unto themselves; they'll finish work whenever they feel like it. Never rely on a bus after about 14:00. Car hire will set you back between 60.00 and 100.00 a day plus insurance and fuel, but if you're on Tutuila for only a day or two, there's no better way to see the sights.

Visa:
US citizens can visit American Samoa visa-free as long as they have a valid passport and an onward ticket. Nationals of the following countries equipped with a valid passport and an onward ticket will receive a free one-month visa on arrival in American Samoa: Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Federated States of Micronesia, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. Nationals of all other countries must apply in advance for their one-month visa (US$40).

Weather
Conditions in Samoa are almost perpetually hot and humid - the average annual temperature is 26.5° C (80° F) in coastal areas, with a decrease in temperature as the land rises inland. Humidity is always high but the even temperature and fresh sea breezes means conditions are never too stuffy. The region's wet season, also the season for tropical storms and cyclones (and ostensibly its low season), lasts from November to April with December and January normally the wettest months. In the harbour area of Tutuila, the famous Rainmaker Mountain ensures that the region receives over 5000mm (197in) of precipitation annually.

Australia Country

Overview
Endless sunbaked horizons, dense tropical rainforests, chilly southern beaches. Australia's biggest attraction is its natural beauty. The landscape varies from endless sunbaked horizons to dense tropical rainforest to chilly southern beaches. Scattered along the coasts, its cities blend a European enthusiasm for art and food with a laid-back love of sport and the outdoors.

Visitors expecting to see an opera in Sydney one night and meet Crocodile Dundee the next will have to re-think their grasp of geography in this huge country. It is this sheer vastness that gives Australia - and its diverse population - much of its character. 'Don't worry about the world coming to an end today. It is already tomorrow in Australia.' - Charles Schulz

Geography:
A vast island continent situated south of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, Australia lies between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The world's sixth-largest country, Australia measures some 4000km (2500mi) east to west and 3200km (2000mi) north to south. Much of the interior of the country is flat, barren and sparsely populated. The bulk of the population lives on the narrow, fertile eastern coastal plain and on the southeastern coast. The continent-long Great Dividing Range runs north-south down the eastern seaboard, separating the coastal plain from the drier inland areas. The Great Barrier Reef lies 50-300km (30-185mi) offshore and extends 2000km (1240mi) from Torres Strait to Gladstone.

Destination Facts
Capital: Canberra
Governor General: Quentin Bryce
Prime Minister: Kevin Rudd
Government: independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations
Time zone: GMT +10 GMT +9.5 GMT +8
Area: 7682300
Population: 21.860.989
People: 91% Caucasian, 7% Asian, 2% Aboriginal
Languages: Australia is a multi-cultural country, so it's not unusual to walk down a city street and hear people speaking Italian, Greek, Lebanese, Vietnamese or Arabic as their first language. Aboriginal languages are also spoken. English-speaking Australians have a passion for abbreviations and are liable to use a hotchpotch of local slang that can take the first-time visitor a while to untangle.
Christian 67.4% (Catholic 26.4%, Anglican 20.5%, other Christian 20.5%), Buddhist 1.9%, Muslim 1.5%, other 1.2%, unspecified 12.7, none 15.3%
Currency: Australian Dollar (A$)
GDP: Approx. A$960000000000
Major industries: Minerals, oil, coal, gold, wool, cereals, meat, tourism
Major Trading Partners: Japan, ASEAN countries, South Korea, China, New Zealand, USA, EU
Daylight Saving: From last Sunday in October (TAS first Sun) to last Sunday in March
Country Dialing Code: 61

Places of Interest
Check out this little beauty, with its natural and man-made charms.
Australia is vast, almost double the size of Europe. Although it is justly renowned for its natural beauties - its red core contains some of Earth's finest sculptures - its varied cities offer their fair share of art, architecture, formal gardens and historical interest.

Australia's biggest attraction is its natural beauty. The landscape varies from endless sunbaked horizons to dense tropical rainforest to chilly southern beaches. Scattered along the coasts, its cities blend a European enthusiasm for art and food with a laid-back love of sport and the outdoors.

Visitors expecting to see an opera in Sydney one night and meet Crocodile Dundee the next will have to re-think their grasp of geography in this huge country. It is this sheer vastness that gives Australia - and its diverse population - much of its character.

Weather
Summer (December to February) can get uncomfortably hot just about anywhere, even in Tasmania. If you're in the southern states during these months it's great beach weather and great melanoma weather. Up north, this is the wet season, and it's very, very humid (you'll need to check for jellyfish before jumping into the water). On the upside, the Top End is beautifully green and free of tourists at this time. From June until August things in the north have cooled down a little and dried up a lot. This is a good time to visit Queensland or the outback. If you're here for the skiing, now's the time to head for the snowfields of NSW and Victoria. Overall, spring and autumn are probably the safest bets - the weather is reasonably mild wherever you are, and spring brings out the wildflowers in the outback, while autumn is particularly beautiful around Canberra and in the Victorian Alps.

Getting There
Any time is a good time to be in Australia. Summer (December to February) can get uncomfortably hot but it's great beach weather. Up north, the summer wet season is very, very humid and the sea is swarming with box jellyfish. Winter (June to August) offers skiing in NSW, Victoria and sometimes Tasmania. In spring and autumn the weather is mild.

Getting there and away
Air travel is Australia's best friend, with most visitors taking a long haul flight to get here.
With distances between cities so great, flying is the most favoured and speedy option, although buses and trains provide a more scenic, if lengthy alternative. Within the major cities, you will find thorough and convenient rail and bus systems.

Visa:
Every nationality except New Zealanders need visas. Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) visas are valid for 12 months, allowing travellers to stay for up to three months at a time within this period. The processing of ETAs costs around 20.00. Tourist visas, which are valid for stays of up to three months but which can be extended, cost 75.00. European Union nationals can apply for a tourist visa (three-month stay maximum) online for free at the Department of Immigration and Citizenship website.

Customs:
When it comes to prohibited goods, there are a few things you should be particularly conscientious about. The first is drugs, which customs authorities are adept at sniffing out - unless you want to make a first-hand investigation of conditions in Australian jails, don't bring illegal drugs in with you. And note that all medicines must be declared. The second is all food, plant material and animal products. You will be asked to declare on arrival all goods of animal, or plant origin (wooden spoons, straw hats, the lot) and show them to a quarantine officer. The authorities are naturally keen to protect Australia's unique environment and important agricultural industries by preventing weeds, pests or diseases getting into the country - Australia has so far managed to escape many of the pests and diseases prevalent elsewhere in the world. And if you lug in a souvenir, such as a drum with animal hide for a skin, or a wooden article (though these items are not strictly prohibited they are strictly subject to inspection) that shows signs of insect damage, it won't get through without treatment. Weapons and firearms are either prohibited or require a permit and safety testing. Other restricted goods include products made from protected wildlife species (such as animal skins, coral or ivory), unapproved telecommunications devices and live animals.

Duty Free:
When entering Australia you can bring most articles in free of duty provided that customs is satisfied they are for personal use and that you'll be taking them with you when you leave. There's a duty-free quota per person of 2250mL of alcohol, 250 cigarettes and dutiable goods up to the value of 900. There are duty-free stores at international airports and in their associated cities. Treat them with healthy suspicion: 'duty-free' is one of the world's most overworked catchphrases and it's often just an excuse to sell things at prices you can easily beat with a little shopping around. Alcohol and cigarettes are certainly cheaper duty free, though, as they are heavily taxed in Australia.